The project will describe the development of modern writers' identity in Sweden between 1879 and 1912. This could also be viewed as the transformation, from the domination of "market writers" to the invention of, and the domination of, "scholarship-writers". This change is connected to a shift in aesthetic ideals, as well as to a changing social, economic, and technological environment. For example, one of the basic changes during this time is that the most prestigious authors turn away from a large bourgeois audience, in order to get the approval of a small elite of literary critics and colleagues instead. Accordingly, there was a development of more interpretive literary criticism, and publishers with a more distinct publishing profile . Fiction became simultaneously further polarized between "highbrow literature" and more lowly valued genres, like children's literature, and several kinds of popular literature. The project's tools are mainly the concepts developed by the French sociologist and cultural historian Pierre Bourdieu, and his theories regarding "the field of cultural production", described most comprehensively in Le Régles de l'art (1992). The first part of this project was completed with the project leader's dissertation: Fältets herrar. Framväxten av en modern författarroll. Artonhundraåttitalet, Stockholm/Stehag 2004. (Masters of the Field. The Origin of a Modern Role of Authors. The Eighteen-Eighties.) The intention with the project is now to follow through on the original plan, that is, to describe and analyse the development during the following two decades.