Purpose

The purpose of the program has been to address the role of transnational actors (TNAs) in the process of democratizing global governance. TNAs are understood as private actors that organize and operate across national borders beyond government control. The overarching question has been whether and how transnational actors contribute to a democratization of global governance, as they themselves often claim. In addressing this question we have focused on four themes: (1) the role of TNAs in international institutions, (2) the emergence of public-private governance arrangements, (3) the strategies, actions and democratic credentials of TNAs, and (4) the applicability of democratic theory to global governance.

While the principal purpose and research questions have guided the program throughout, "legitimacy" has emerged as a central concept alongside "democracy." Conceptualizations of democracy at the global level, as our research has confirmed, are problematic, and democratic process is not the only source of legitimizing global governance institutions. Thus, our research perspective has been broadened to include the question of how the increasing role of transnational actors in global governance can be legitimated.

Principal results

(1) Transnational actors in international institutions
Our inquiry into the role of transnational TNAs in international institutions has included (a) the creation of a novel dataset on formal TNA access to 50 international organizations (IOs) and almost 300 sub-bodies over the time period 1950-2010 (in collaboration with the ERC financed Transaccess project), (b) in-depth case studies of selected IOs based on documentation, interviews and participant observation, and (c) questionnaires to TNA and state representatives in the UN and a number of other IOs.

Our data corroborate the existence of an institutional opening up to TNAs since 1950. The most salient dynamic is a period of growth that took off around 1990. For the next two decades, the degree of TNA access increased continuously, in an almost linear way. The end of the Cold War was a decisive event, removing political blockages in IOs paralyzed by East-West tensions, initiating the democratization of former authoritarian states, and weakening national sovereignty as a guiding principle of international intercourse.

Regression analysis of our dataset and in-depth case studies of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Commonwealth, the Asian development Bank (ADB) and the International Whaling Commission (IWC) indicate that variation in TNA access is best explained by a combination of three principal factors. The functional advantages of including TNAs account for a large part of the expansion of access over time, as international cooperation has shifted toward more demanding governance problems. The level of domestic democracy in the membership of IOs is an additional source of growing openness, helping to explain variation across IOs and world regions. The principal constraint on the expansion of TNA access has been the sovereignty costs to states, which have contributed to variation across issue areas (less access in IOs dealing with security and finance) and policy functions (more access to policy formulation, implementation and monitoring than to decision making).

Does increased TNA participation in IOs translate into influence? Three findings are noteworthy. First, the likelihood of successful influence is greater when TNAs pursue a strategy of trading information for access than when they mobilize transnational support for norm change. Second, TNA representatives perceive having an impact on IO policy-making as a less prioritized goal of participation than collecting information and enhancing the visibility of their own organization. Third, member state and UN Secretariat representatives consider NGO influence on UN policy-making to be higher than do NGO representatives themselves.

(2) Public-private governance
The borderline between a public sphere, associated with the state, a common good, and politics, and a private sphere, encompassing markets and civil society, is becoming increasingly blurred in global governance. Our studies demonstrate how IO bodies strive to improve their problem-solving capacity and democratic legitimacy by partnering with TNAs in new constellations. Our examination of public-private partnerships between IO bodies, business and CSOs in three issue areas -environment, development and health - indicates that, rather than contributing to democratization, the studied partnerships reflect and sustain existing global inequalities. The most influential partners, whether representing civil society or business, come from the rich North. Our study of responsible investment and regulatory partnerships reveals an expectations gap between partners and NGOs that could lead to a delegimitation of the partnerships.

Even if several partnerships bring more resources and attention to pressing issues, they raise thorny questions of accountability, transparency and participation. We show that the spread of new forms of public-private governance has not been accompanied by the development of new accountability channels. The blurring of the public-private borderline is increasingly politicized, as private actors are suspected of becoming tools of state interests, and the public agenda is believed to be captured by private interests.

(3) Transnational actor strategies
Organized opposition, which is generally believed to be important for democracy at the national level, does not exist in global governance. Yet we argue that civil society organizations (CSOs) targeting IOs perform functions similar to oppositional political parties in national polities. The sum of CSOs targeting an IO is conceptualized as an "oppositional field." The choice of individual CSOs between inside lobbying and outside protests depends on their goals and identity as well as the "political opportunity structure," i.e. institutional features of the IO providing access. Comparative case studies of EU aid and development cooperation, ADB and the Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD) demonstrate how variation of opposition fields relates to different CSO strategies.

To some extent the advocacy of these oppositional CSOs have a democratizing impact, but this is lessened by the often questionable democratic credentials of the CSOs themselves and the fact that they frequently approach IOs via individual governments, which tends to reproduce inequalities of the state system, as we demonstrate in case studies of the World Bank and ASEAN.

(4) Democratic theory
The notion of "stakeholder democracy" is central to the claim that TNA participation in global governance contributes to global democracy. The "all-affected principle" and "deliberative democracy" are two widely discussed normative theories of how stakeholder democracy can be realized. Our critical scrutiny concludes that both are unrealistic and tend to undermine rather than strengthen ingrained democratic values.

Relating democratic theory to the documented increase in TNA participation in global governance, we can register certain democratizing trends: complementary channels of citizen representation have been established; the possibilities have increased for those being affected by global decisions to have some kind of impact on the formulation and implementation of global decisions; and a range of non-electoral mechanisms through which stakeholders may hold IOs accountable have been instituted. Yet there are lingering imbalances and restrictions that are problematic from a democratic viewpoint. The possibilities to participate are not equally distributed. IOs, when they open up, are typically selective. Broad and unconditional TNA involvement remains an exception. Well organized and well founded TNAs from the rich North are overrepresented at the expense of TNAs from the poor South.

New research questions generated by the program

A major new focus emanating from Transdemos is the concern with legitimacy in a broader sense, not limited to democratic legitimacy. A new program (not yet funded) proposes to investigate how legitimacy operates in global governance: why, how, and with what consequences do global governance institutions gain, sustain and lose legitimacy? Other new research questions related to legitimacy are: Do higher levels of democracy in international organizations translate into greater perceived legitimacy of those IOs among ordinary citizens and national delegations? (Hans Agné). Which practices of legitimation and delegitimation does the UN pursue in its consultations with a broad range of stakeholders for new global development goals replacing the Millennium Development Goals in 2015? (Magdalena Bexell, Kristina Jönsson).

The observation that the performance of international organizations varies extensively has led to a new project, led by Jonas Tallberg and funded by the Swedish Research Council, exploring when, how, and why the institutional design of international organizations shapes their performance.

Sofia Näsström and Sara Kalm have initiated the collaborative project "Right to Citizenship: The problem, Principle and Politics of a New Law," funded by the Swedish Research Council. It concerns the construction and manifestation of a democratic citizenship and ethos and will address the question of how Swedish law needs to be reformed to ensure a legitimate distribution of citizenship.

Based on her studies of transnational public-private initiatives promoting women's entrepreneurship in developing countries, Catia Gregoratti has initiated a joint project with seed funding from the British Academy with Katherine Allison, Glasgow University, addressing questions such as: Why are public-private global governance assemblages promoting "the entrepreneurial woman"? How is women's entrepreneurship enabled in developing countries? In a related project labeled "Gender Inc.," Gregoratti collaborates with Susan Jackson, Malmö University, and Laura Horn, Roskilde University, in interrogating why, how and with what consequences multinational corporations are mainstreaming gender in their governing structure and everyday business.

Following from her studies of health issues in Transdemos, questions concerning the shifting focus away from communicable to non-communicable diseases in global health and the redefinition of global health in relation to the environment and sustainable development will be on Kristina Jönsson's research agenda.

Empirical research within the Transdemos program has triggered the normative question of which IOs ought to open up to TNAs, how, and why (Eva Erman). Another idea concerning future studies of the potential democratizing role of CSOs in global governance is to take the concepts of "counter-democracy" and "monitory democracy" as points of departure for further theorizing (Anders Uhlin).

International anchoring

International exchange has been a key aspect of the program's research strategy. Members of the international advisory board, consisting of eleven internationally renowned scholars, have provided essential feedback throughout the research process. The program has received visiting researchers at Lund and Stockholm and encouraged visits by program members in academic environments abroad (for example, Trandemos members have spent longer visits at Harvard, Columbia, Oxford, LSE, Stellenbosch, New School of Social Research, New York and Melbourne). Such exchanges have generated new ideas and perspectives and have, in some cases, given rise to research collaboration in new constellations. Early on Transdemos entered into an exchange agreement with the research unit on Transnational Conflicts and International Institutions at Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin. Similar exchanges have been arranged informally with the research group on Changing Norms of Global Governance at the University of Bremen.

The program has arranged a number of conferences with broad international participation. In April 2009 the international advisory board and invited contributors attended a three-day conference in Lund to review drafts of what was to become three edited volumes and discuss the future direction of the program. An international workshop on "The Legitimacy and Legitimation of Global Governance" in Lund in April 2012 resulted in a special issue of the journal Globalizations (2014), reprinted as a book (2015). Together with the Graduate Institute, Geneva, Transdemos arranged a workshop on "NGOs in Global Governance" in Geneva in November 2012, to which both scholars and practitioners were invited. In that connection, Christer Jönsson and Jonas Tallberg were given the opportunity to speak about the research program to an audience of Geneva-based UN officials. A Transdemos/Transaccess concluding conference was held in Lund in June 2014 with leading international scholars as participants.

Transdemos researchers have organized panels and have participated in a great variety of international conferences with program-related papers. The annual conferences of the International Studies Association (ISA), the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR), the American Political Science Association (APSA) and the Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS) are among the most frequented venues. In addition, Transdemos members have been invited as speakers at universities worldwide, including Amsterdam, Antwerp, Barcelona, Budapest, Buenos Aires, Cambridge, Copenhagen, Frankfurt, Helsinki, Konstanz, Leiden, London, Melbourne, New York, St. Gallen, Seoul, Sydney, Tübingen, Vienna and Zürich.

Publication strategy and major publications

The overall publication strategy of Transdemos has been to communicate internationally, seeking publication in peer-reviewed journals and with renowned publishers. Drawing on our extensive international contacts, we published three edited volumes at Palgrave Macmillan in 2010, which summarized extant research on transnational actors and their role in democratizing global governance. These early publications set the standard for the continued strategy.

In the field of International Relations, the most prestigious publications are books at Cambridge University Press and articles in International Organization. The program has achieved both. Furthermore, Transdemos researchers have published in such established journals as European Journal of International Relations, Global Governance, International Political Science Review, International Political Sociology and Review of International Studies; have contributed to prominent edited volumes; have edited special journal issues; and have published monographs at international publishers. In addition to those itemized in the publication list, a number of publications are in the pipeline.

Publikationer

Förteckning över publikationer TRANSDEMOS
List of Publications TRANSDEMOS

Agné Hans, Lisa Maria Dellmuth and Jonas Tallberg (forthcoming) “Does Stakeholder Involvement Foster Democratic Legitimacy in International Organizations? An Empirical Assessment of a Normative Theory,” Review of International Organizations.

Agné, Hans (forthcoming 2014) “Popular Power in the European Union: Delegated or Alienated?” in Simona Piattoni (ed.) The European Union: Institutional Architectures and Democratic Principles in Times of Crisis.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Agné, Hans (2014) “Is Successful Democracy Promotion Possible? The Conceptual Problem,” Democratization, 21(1): 49-71.

Agné, Hans (2013) “The Politics of International Recognition: Symposium Introduction,” in Hans Agné, Jens Bartelson, Eva Erman, Christine Chwaszcza, Mikulas Fabry, Oliver Kessler, Benjamin Herborth, Steve Krasner and Thomas Lindemann, The Politics of International Recognition, symposium published in International Theory 5(1).

Agné, Hans (2012) “Democratic Founding: We the People and the Others,” International Journal of Constitutional Law, 10(3): 836-861. 

Agné, Hans (2012) “Democratic Founding: We the People and the Others:  A Rejoinder to Mark Tushnet,” International Journal of Constitutional Law 10(3): 866-870.

Agné, Hans (2011) "The Autonomy of Globalizing States: Bridging the Gap between Democratic Theory and International Political Economy," International Political Science Review, 32(1): 43-60.

Agné, Hans (2010) “Does Global Democracy Matter? Hypotheses on Famine and War," in Christer Jönsson and Jonas Tallberg (eds) Transnational Actors in Global Governance: Patterns, Explanations, and Implications. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Agné, Hans (2010) “Why Democracy Must Be Global: Self-Founding and Foreign Intervention,” International Theory, 2(3): 381–409. 

Agné, Hans (2009) “Irretrievable Powers and Democratic Accountability,” in Sverker Gustavsson, Christer Karlsson & Thomas Persson (eds) The Illusion of Accountability in the European Union. London: Routledge.

Bartelson, Jens (2013) “Functional Differentiation and Legitimate Authority,” in Rodney Bruce Hall (ed.) Reducing Armed Violence with NGO Governance. London: Routledge.

Bartelson, Jens (2010) “Beyond Democratic Legitimacy: Global Governance and the Promotion of Liberty,” in Christer Jönsson and Jonas Tallberg (eds) Transnational Actors in Global Governance: Patterns, Explanations, and Implications. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Bartelson, Jens and Terrell Carver (eds) (2010) Globality, Democracy, and Civil Society. London: Routledge.

Bartelson, Jens (2010) “The Social Construction of Globality,” International Political Sociology, 4(3): 219-235.

Bartelson, Jens and Gideon Baker (eds) (2009) The Future of Political Community. London: Routledge.

Bartelson, Jens (2009) “Is There a Global Society?” International Political Sociology, 3(1): 112-115.

Bartelson, Jens (2009) Visions of World Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bartelson, Jens (2008) “Globalizing the Democratic Community,” Ethics & Global Politics, 1(4): 159-174.

Bexell, Magdalena (forthcoming) “Multilevel Governance and the Rule of International Human Rights Law: The Case of the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights,” in Monika Heupel and Theresa Reinolds (eds) The Rule of Law in an Era of Multilevel Governance and Global Legal Pluralism, book proposal under review with Palgrave.

Bexell, Magdalena (forthcoming 2015) “Book review: Fighting for Rights: From Holy Wars to Humanitarian Military Interventions,” Cooperation and Conflict.

Bexell, Magdalena (ed.) (2015) Global Governance, Legitimacy and Legitimation, Abingdon and New York: Routledge.

Bexell, Magdalena, (2015) “Global Governance, Legitimacy and (De)Legitimation,” in ibid. [reprint of Globalizations special issue article].

Bexell, Magdalena (2015) “The Post-2015 Consultations: Fig Leaf Policy or Test Bed for Innovation?” in Tobias Debiel et al. (eds) Global Trends 2015: Governance in a Complex World. Bonn and Duisburg: Centre for Global Cooperation Research, University of Duisburg-Essen. 

Bexell, Magdalena, (2014) “Global Governance, Legitimacy and (De)Legitimation,” Globalizations, 11(3): 289-299.

Bexell, Magdalena (2013) ”Hand in Hand? UN-Business Cooperation for Health and Development,” European Journal for Social Science Research, 26(3): 201-213.

Bexell, Magdalena (2012) “Global Governance, Gains and Gender: UN-Business Partnerships for Women’s Empowerment, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 14(3): 389-407.

Bexell, Magdalena and Ulrika Mörth (eds) (2010) Democracy and Public-Private Partnerships in Global Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Bexell, Magdalena and Ulrika Mörth (2010) “Introduction: Partnerships, Democracy and Governance,” in ibid.

Bexell, Magdalena and Ulrika Mörth (2010) “Conclusions and Directions,” in ibid.

Bexell, Magdalena, Jonas Tallberg and Anders Uhlin (2010) “Democracy in Global Governance: The Promises and Pitfalls of Transnational Actors,” Global Governance, 16(1): 81-101.

Bäckstrand, Karin (forthcoming 2015) Democratizing Global Environmental Governance. Comparing Civil Society Participation in UN Climate Change and Sustainable Development Diplomacy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Bäckstrand, Karin and Eva Lövbrand (eds) (forthcoming 2015) Research Handbook on Climate Governance. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Bäckstrand, Karin and Mikael Kylsäter (2014) “Old Wine in New Bottles? The Legitimation and De-legitimation of UN Public-Private Partnerships for Sustainable Development from the Johannesburg to the Rio+20 Summit,” Globalizations, 11(3): 331-347.

Bäckstrand, S. Chan, S. Camp, A. Mert and M. Schäfferhoffer (2012) ”Transnational Public-Private Partnerships,” in F. Bierman and P. Pattberg (eds) Global Environmental Governance Reconsidered. New Actors, Mechanisms and Interlinkages, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Bäckstrand, Karin (2012) ”Are Partnerships for Sustainable Development Democratic and Legitimate?” in F. Biermann, S. Chan, P. Pattberg, A. Merts (eds.) Multistakeholder Partnerships for Sustainable Development: Emergence, Influence and Legitimacy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Bäckstrand, Karin (2012) ”Democracy and Global Environmental Politics,” in Peter Dauvergne (ed.) Handbook of Global Environmental Politics. Cheltenham; Edward Elgar.

Bäckstrand, Karin (2011) ”The Democratic Legitimacy of Global Climate Governance after Copenhagen,” in John Dryzek, Richard Norgard, and David Schlosberg (eds) Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bäckstrand, Karin (2010) ”The Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Partnerships for Sustainable Development,” in Magdalena Bexell and Ulrika Mörth (eds) Democracy and Public-Private Partnerships in Global Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Bäckstrand, Karin (2008) ”Accountability of Networked Climate Governance: The Rise of Transnational Climate Partnerships,” Global Environmental Politics, 8(3): 74-104.

Erman, Eva (forthcoming) ”Discourse Theory, Intercultural Dialogue and Human Rights,” Human Rights Quarterly, 36(4).

Erman, Eva (forthcoming) ”Ethics in a Time of Intensified Globalization,” Peace Review, 26(4).

Erman, Eva (forthcoming) ”Globalizing the Rule by the People: A Deliberative Two-Track View,” in Jan Aart Scholte (ed.) Global Democracy: An Intercultural Debate.

Erman, Eva (forthcoming) “The Boundary Problem and the Ideal of Democracy,” Constellations.

Erman, Eva and Niklas Möller (forthcoming) “Why Political Realists Should Not be Afraid of Moral Values,” Journal of Philosophical Research.

Erman, Eva and Niklas Möller (2015) “Political Legitimacy in the Real Normative World: The Priority of Morality and the Autonomy of the Political,” British Journal of Political Science, 45(1): 215-233.

Erman, Eva (2014) “Legitimacy in the Global Normative Order: Moral, Political and Democratic Justificatory Practices in the Space of Reasons,” in S. Gupta (ed.) Politics in the Global Age: Critical Reflections on Cosmopolitanism. London: Routledge.

Erman, Eva (2014) ”The Boundary Problem and the Right to Justification,” in D. Owen (ed.) Justice, Democracy and the Right to Justification. London: Bloomsbury Academic.

Erman, Eva (2013) ”The Recognitive Practices of Declaring and Constituting Statehood,” International Theory, 5(1): 129-150.

Erman, Eva and Niklas Möller (2013) “Three Failed Charges Against Ideal Theory,” Social Theory & Practice, 39(1): 19-44

Erman, Eva (2013) ”In Search for Democratic Agency in Deliberative Governance,” European Journal of International Relations, 19(4): 847-868.

Erman, Eva and Sofia Näsström (eds) (2013) Political Equality in Transnational Democracy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Erman, Eva (2013) ”Political Equality and Legitimacy in a Global Context,” in ibid.

Erman, Eva (2012) “’Democratic Agents' and 'Agents of Democracy' in Multilayered Governance,” in Ludvig Beckman and Eva Erman (eds) (2012) Territories of Citizenship. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Erman, Eva (2012) ”Bör vi ha global demokrati?” in Li Bennich-Björkman (ed.) Statsvetenskapens frågor. Lund: Studentlitteratur.

Erman, Eva (2012) ”’The Right to Have Rights' to the Rescue: From Human Rights to Global Democracy,” in M. Goodale (ed.) Human Rights at the Crossroads. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Erman, Eva and Andreas Follesdal (2012) “Multiple Citizenship: Normative Ideals and Institutional Challenges,” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 15(3): 279-302.

Erman, Eva (2011) “Freedom as Non-domination,” in V. Flocke and H. Schoneville (eds) Differenz und Dialog. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag.

Erman, Eva (2011) ”Human Rights Do Not Make Global Democracy,” Contemporary Political Theory, 10(4): 463–481.

Erman, Eva and Anders Uhlin (eds) (2010) Legitimacy Beyond the State? Re-examining the Democratic Credentials of Transnational Actors. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Erman, Eva and Anders Uhlin (eds) (2010) “Democratic Credentials of Transnational Actors: An Introduction,” in ibid.

Erman, Eva and Anders Uhlin (eds) (2010) “Conclusion: Transnational Actors and Global Democracy,” in ibid.

Erman, Eva (2010) "Why Adding Democratic Values is Not Enough for Global Democracy," in ibid.
Higgott, Richard and Eva Erman (2010) "Deliberative Global Governance and the Question of Legitimacy: What Can We Learn from the WTO?" Review of International Studies, 36(2): 449-470.

Erman, Eva (2009) “What is Wrong with Agonistic Pluralism? Reflections on Conflict in Democratic Theory,” Philosophy & Social Criticism, 35(9): 1039-1062.

Gregoratti. Catia (forthcoming 2014) “Global Days of Actions, Global Public Transcripts and Democracy,” Global Discourse: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Current Affairs and Applied Contemporary Thought.

Gregoratti. Catia (2013) “UN-Business Partnerships,” in Thomas G. Weiss and Rorden Wilkinson (eds) International Organization and Global Governance. London: Routledge.

Gregoratti. Catia (2012) “Transnational Partnerships: What Democracy? Whose Justice?” Global Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal of International Relations, 26(4): 515-534.

Gregoratti. Catia (2012) “The UN Global Compact and Development,” in Darryl Reed, Ananya Reed and Peter Utting (eds) Businesses, Non-State Regulation and Development. London: Routledge.

Gregoratti. Catia (2011) “Book Review of Ravi K. Raman and Ronnie D. Lipschutz, Corporate Social Responsibility: Comparative Critiques,” Political Studies Review, 9(3): 412-413.

Gregoratti, Catia (2010) “UNDP, Business Partnerships and the (UN)democratic Governance of Development,” in Magdalena Bexell and Ulrika Mörth  (eds) Democracy and Public-Private Partnerships in Global Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Jönsson, Christer (2013) “Classical Liberal Internationalism,” in Thomas G. Weiss and Rorden Wilkinson (eds) International Organization and Global Governance. London: Routledge.

Jönsson, Christer (2013) “The John Holmes Memorial Lecture: International Organizations at the Moving Public-Private Borderline,” Global Governance 19(1): 1-18.

Jönsson, Christer and Kristina Jönsson (2012) “Global and Local Health Governance: Civil Society, Human Rights and HIV/AIDS,” Third World Quarterly 33(9): 1719-1734.

Jönsson, Christer (2012) “Public or Private? Global Networks and Partnerships,” in Carsten Anckar and Dag Anckar (eds) Comparisons, Regimes, Elections: Festschrift for Lauri Karvonen. Åbo: Åbo Akademi University Press.

Jönsson, Christer (2012) “Changing Actors and Actions in the Global Fight against AIDS,” in Joel E. Oestreich (ed.), International Organizations as Self-Directed Actors. London: Routledge.

Jönsson, Christer (2012) “Global Solutions? Searching for Democratic Approaches to a New World Order,” in Ursula van Beek and Edmund Wnuk-Lipinski (eds), Democracy under Stress: The Global Crisis and Beyond. Opladen: Barbara Budrich Publishers.

Jönsson, Christer (2010) “Theoretical Approaches to International Organization,” in Robert A. Denemark (ed.) The International Studies Encyclopedia, Volume XI. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

Jönsson, Christer and Jonas Tallberg (eds) (2010) Transnational Actors in Global Governance: Patterns, Explanations, and Implications. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Jönsson, Christer (2010) “Capturing the Transnational: A Conceptual History,” in ibid.

Jönsson, Christer and Jonas Tallberg (2010) “Transnational Access: Findings and Future Research,” in ibid.

Jönsson, Christer (2010) “Coordinating Actors in the Fight against HIV/AIDS: From ‘Lead Agency’ to Public-Private Partnerships,” in Magdalena Bexell and Ulrika Mörth (eds) Democracy and Public-Private Partnerships in Global Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Jönsson, Kristina (forthcoming) “Global Environment and Health,” in Philipp Pattberg and Fariborz Zelli (eds) Edward Elgar Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Politics and Governance. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

Jönsson, Kristina (2014) “Legitimation Challenges in Global Health Governance: The Case of Non-Communicable Diseases,” Globalizations 11(3): 301-314.

Jönsson Kristina, Anne Jerneck and Malin Arvidson (2012) Politics and Development in a Globalised World: An Introduction. Lund: Studentlitteratur.

Kalm, Sara and Anders Uhlin (2015) Civil Society and the Governance of Development: Opposing Global Institutions. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

Kalm, Sara (forthcoming 2014) "Internationell Migration," in Jakob Gustavsson & Jonas Tallberg (eds) Internationella Relationer. Lund: Studentlitteratur.

Kalm, Sara (forthcoming 2014) “Review of Martin Geiger & Antoine Pécoud (eds) Disciplining the Transnational Mobility of People,” Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 4(4).

Kalm, Sara (2013) "Diaspora Strategies as Technologies of Citizenship," Global Society, 27(3): 379-397.

Kalm, Sara (2012) "Liberala utvecklingspraktiker," Fronesis, nr 38-39.

Kalm, Sara (2012) "Global Migration Management, Order and Mobility Rights," IMIS-Beiträge, no. 40.

Kalm, Sara (2010) ”Limits to Transnational Participation: the Global Governance of Migration,” in Christer Jönsson and Jonas Tallberg (eds) Transnational Actors in Global Governance: Patterns, Explanations, and Implications. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kalm, Sara (2010) ”Liberalizing Movements: the Political Rationality of Global Migration Management,” in Antoine Pécoud and Martin Geiger (eds) The New Politics of Mobility: Actors, Discourses and Practices of Migration Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kalm, Sara (2010) ”The International Dimensions of Irregular Migration,” in Kirsten Hviid, Martin Bak Jorgensen, Susi Meret and Trine Lund Thomsen  (eds) Irregular Migration in a Scandinavian Perspective. Aachen: Shaker Publishing.

Kinnvall, Catarina and Ted Svensson (eds) (2014) Governing Borders and Security: The Politics of Connectivity and Dispersal. London: Routledge.

Kinnvall, Catarina and Ted Svensson (2014) “Bordering the Indefinite Nation: Pakistan, the Taliban and Desecuritised Religion,” in ibid.

Kinnvall, Catarina and Paul Nesbitt-Larking (2011) The Political Psychology of Globalization: Muslims in the West. Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press.

Kinnvall, Catarina and Ted Svensson (2010) “Hindu Nationalism, Diaspora Politics and Nation-Building in India,” Australian Journal of International Relations, 64(3): 274-292.

Kinnvall, Catarina and Paul Nesbitt-Larking (2010) “Citizenship Regimes and Identity Strategies among Young Muslims in Europe,” in Assaad Azzi, Xenia Chryssochoou, Bert Klandermans and Bernd Simon (eds) Identity and Participation in Culturally Diverse Societies: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

Kinnvall, Catarina and Bo Petersson (2010) “Diaspora Groups, Transnational Activism and Democratic Legitimacy,” in Anders Uhlin and Eva Erman (eds) Legitimacy Beyond the State? Re-examining the Democratic Credentials of Transnational Actors, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kinnvall, Catarina (2010) “Gender, Globalization and Diaspora Politics,” in Pauline Stoltz, Marina Svensson, Sun Zhongxien, Qi Wang (eds) Gender, Global Citizenship and Human Rights: Perspectives from China and the Nordic Countries. London: Routledge.

Mörth, Ulrika (2014) “Organizational Legitimacy in the Age of Governing by Numbers: The case of ESG-issues and Financial Decisions,” Globalizations, 11(3): 369-384.

Mörth, Ulrika and Karin S. Helgesson (eds) (2013) The Political Role of Corporate Citizens. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Mörth, Ulrika (2009) “The Market Turn in EU Governance: The Emergence of Public-Private Collaboration,” Governance, 22(1): 99-120.

Näsström, Sofia and Sara Kalm (forthcoming) “A Democratic Critique of Precarity”, Global Discourse: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Current Affairs and Applied Contemporary Thought.

Näsström, Sofia (forthcoming 2015) “Who Are ‘We, the People’?” in F. Menga and E.Gräb-Schmidt (eds) Gemeinshaft: Ort Der Krise, Ort der Chancen.

Näsström, Sofia (forthcoming 2014) “What Bounds A-Legality?” Etica & Politica.

Näsström, Sofia (2014) “Democratic Representation beyond Election,” Constellations, DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.12123.

Näsström, Sofia (2014) “The Right to Have Rights: Democratic, Not Political,” Political Theory, 42(5): 543-568.

Näsström, Sofia (2013) “The Normative Power of Political Equality,” in Eva Erman and Sofia Näsström (eds) Political Equality in Transnational Democracy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Näsström, Sofia (2011) “Where is the Representative Turn Going?” European Journal of  Political Theory, 10(4): 501-510.

Näsström, Sofia (2011) “Folket – en normativ utmaning,” Fronesis, 34: 161-73.

Näsström, Sofia (2011) “The Challenge of the All-Affected Principle,” Political Studies, 59(1): 116-34.

Näsström, Sofia (2010) ”Cosmopolitics,” in Mark Bevir (ed.) Encyclopedia of Political Theory. London and New York: Sage.

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