This project studies the economic effects of changes in the income security programs for older workers at the Swedish labor market. There is a somewhat contradictory development for the cohorts approaching retirement age in Sweden. On the one hand, these cohorts are more educated, healthier and remain at the labor market at increasingly older ages; on the other hand, there is a higher degree of economic inequality and strong political demands for changes in the public pension system through higher base-level benefits. This research project is divided into four parts. Three of these are evaluations of major historical policy reforms – the introduction of the supplementary pension system (ATP); the series of changes in the eligibility rules of the Swedish Disability Insurance; and the 1998 reform of the Swedish old-age pension system. One of the sub-projects deals with a change in the Swedish population: the increased educational attainments of the birth cohorts approaching retirement. However, to get exogenous variation we will use yet another policy reform: the comprehensive schooling reform implemented in the 1950s and 1960s. The overall aim of the project is to investigate to what extent the observed increase in labor force participation rates among older worker, changes in population health and economic inequality among the elderly can be linked to changes in the income security programs, and to what extent they can be attributed to changes in the population.